Difference between revisions of "Passive"

Latest revision as of 18:19, 9 January 2023

Impersonal Passive

Unergatives used in the impersonal passive are tagged as passive participle (VAN, BAN, DAN, RAN, etc.).

Other intransitives (mainly unaccusatives) used in the impersonal passive are tagged as past participle (VBN, BEN, DON, RDN, etc.). There is inconsistency in parsing regarding unaccusatives in the impersonal passive. Both VAN and VBN, etc., should be searched when looking for impersonal passives of unaccusatives.

( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *exp*)
	  (BEPI Er)
	  (ADVP-TMP (ADV þá))
	  (VBN farið)
	  (PP (P eftir)
	      (NP (N-D presti)))
	  (PP (P í)
	      (NP (NPR-D Síðumúla))))
  (ID 1350.BANDAMENNM.NAR-SAG,.1168))

( (IP-MAT-SPE (ADVP (ADV þó-þó))
	      (VBDI sá-sjá)
	      (NP-SBJ (PRO-N eg-ég))
	      (IP-PPL-OB1 (NP-SBJ *exp*)
			  (VBN farið-fara)
			  (PP (P með-með)
			      (NP (N-A boga-bogi))))
	      (PP (P í-í)
		  (NP (N-D ungdæmi-ungdæmi)
		      (NP-POS (PRO-D mínu-minn))))
	      (. .-.))
  (ID 17XX.FIMMBRAEDRA.NAR-SAG,.298))

However, when verbs like fara are used with a dative NP, the are parsed as passive participle.

( (IP-MAT-SPE (" ")
	      (ADVP-TMP (ADV Nú))
	      (BEPI er)
	      (ADVP (ADV þannig))
	      (VAN farið)
	      (NP-SBJ (N-D mál$) (D-D $inu))
	      (, ,-,)
	      (" ")

Passive used with FÁST

FÁ is tagged as a modal when it takes past participle verb (VBN). Sometimes, though, it takes a verb in the passive participle (VAN). The middle of FÁ, FÁST, is similar in that sense, it can take a passive participle verb, parsed as follows:

(CONJP (CONJ eður)
       (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *con*)
	       (VBPI fást)
	       (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ *-4)
		       (VAN þrykktar))