Difference between revisions of "Empty categories"
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Empty objects of prepositions: in this case we follow the [http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~lang22/YCOE/doc/annotation/YcoeRef.htm#prep_empty_object guidelines of the York Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE)]. See also Particles under [[Head Types]]. | Empty objects of prepositions: in this case we follow the [http://www-users.york.ac.uk/~lang22/YCOE/doc/annotation/YcoeRef.htm#prep_empty_object guidelines of the York Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE)]. See also Particles under [[Head Types]]. | ||
+ | |||
+ | =====Empty oblique subject===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | A case extension is added to empty subjects if and only if the empty element is non-nominative. This can most frequently occur in cases of conjunction reduction, like *con*-D (empty dative subject), but also in other cases where the subject has been omitted, like *pro*-D. | ||
+ | |||
+ | <pre> | ||
+ | ( (IP-MAT (CONJ og-og) | ||
+ | (NP-SBJ *con*-D) | ||
+ | (VBDI þótti-þykja) | ||
+ | (NP-SBJ (N-N skömm-skömm)) | ||
+ | (IP-INF (TO að-að) | ||
+ | (VB skilja-skilja) | ||
+ | (PP (P við-við) | ||
+ | (NP (PRO-A hann-hann)))) | ||
+ | (. .-.))) | ||
+ | </pre> |
Revision as of 11:26, 21 September 2010
Empty categories
- Pied piping
- Missing copula
- Expletives (*exp*): Note that (NP-SBJ *exp*) is not used in the Icelandic corpus for the experiencers of known quirky-case-verbs; see the documentation on Quirky Case. [EFS: athuga hvað maður gerir við (þó pro/exp hásumar væri) en (það rigndi í gær) er bara með venjulegt NP-SBJ]. Note that in early (Old Icelandic) texts, it may be difficult to distinguish between *exp* and *pro* in cases where there is an empty subject and it has a roughly impersonal (i.e. "maður") interpretation. In searches where you want to include all such sentences or all impersonals in early texts, it is wise to include both *exp* and *pro* in your searches.
*arb*: arbitrary PRO in the IP-INF complements of inherent ECM verbs.
*pro*: other empty subjects. Note that in early (Old Icelandic) texts, it may be difficult to distinguish between *exp* and *pro* in cases where there is an empty subject and it has a roughly impersonal (i.e. "maður") interpretation. In searches where you want to include all such sentences or all impersonals in early texts, it is wise to include both *exp* and *pro* in your searches.
Topicalization or stylistic fronting of quantifiers (or other elements, e.g. D, N, P): indicated with *ICH* traces according to Penn Guidelines.
Empty objects of verbs: not indicated in annotation.
Empty objects of prepositions: in this case we follow the guidelines of the York Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE). See also Particles under Head Types.
Empty oblique subject
A case extension is added to empty subjects if and only if the empty element is non-nominative. This can most frequently occur in cases of conjunction reduction, like *con*-D (empty dative subject), but also in other cases where the subject has been omitted, like *pro*-D.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ og-og) (NP-SBJ *con*-D) (VBDI þótti-þykja) (NP-SBJ (N-N skömm-skömm)) (IP-INF (TO að-að) (VB skilja-skilja) (PP (P við-við) (NP (PRO-A hann-hann)))) (. .-.)))