Difference between revisions of "ECM"
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(NP-OB1 (PRO-A það-það)) | (NP-OB1 (PRO-A það-það)) | ||
(NEG eigi-ekki) | (NEG eigi-ekki) | ||
− | ( | + | (MD mundu-munu) |
(VB vita-vita)) | (VB vita-vita)) | ||
(. .-.))) | (. .-.))) |
Revision as of 11:46, 2 October 2010
Contents
Inherent ECM verbs
The following verbs are treated as inherent ECM verbs in PPCME/PPCEME:
BID, DO, GAR, HAVE, HEAR, HOT(AN), LET, MAKE, SEE
Similarly, we consider the following to be inherent ECM verbs in Icelandic:
BIÐJA, GERA, HAFA, HEYRA, LÁTA, LÂTAST, LÍTA, SJÁ
Note that BJÓÐA 'command, invite' is not an inherent ECM verb.
BIÐJA
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (NPR-N Gissur-gissur)) (VBDI bað-biðja) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *arb*) (NP-OB1 (D-A það-sá) (N-A óp-óp)) (NEG eigi-ekki) (VB leggja-leggja))))
GERA
(IP-MAT-SPE (NP-LFD (D-N Sá-sá) (CP-REL (WNP-1 0) (C 0) (IP-SUB (NP-SBJ *T*-1) (IP-SMC (NP-SBJ (PRO-A mig-ég)) (ADJ-A heilan-heill)) (DODI gjörði-gera))))
SJÁ
( (IP-MAT (CONJ Og-og) (NP-SBJ (PRO-N hann-hann)) (VBDI sá-sjá) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (D-A inn-hinn) (ADJ-A helga-helgur) (N-A anda-andi)) (VB koma-koma) (PP (P yfir-yfir) (NP (PRO-A hann-hann))) (PP (P í-í) (NP (NP-POS (N-G dúfu-dúfa)) (N-D líki-líki))))
LÍTA
Meaning SJÁ 'see'
( (IP-MAT (CONJ og-og) (NP-SBJ *con*) (VBDI leit-líta) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (NPR-A Jesúm-jesú)) (VB standa-standa) (ADVP-LOC (ADV þar-þar)))))
LÁTAST
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (N-N Klængur-klængur)) (VBDI lést-látast) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ *arb*) (NP-OB1 (PRO-A það-það)) (ADVP (ADV gjarna-gjarna)) (VB vilja-vilja)) (. .-.)))
Non-inherent ECM verbs
For a representative list in the PPCEME documentation, see here.
For discussion on ECM vs. object control in our documentation, see here.
SEGJA
The postverbal NP is usually treated as an object for this verb, but in the following example it is treated as the subject of the infinitive because the IP-INF is headed by a copular verb, VERÐA.
( (IP-MAT (CONJ og-og) (VBDI sögðu-segja) (NP-SBJ (NS-N menn-maður)) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (NPR-A Indriða-indriði)) (ADJP (ADJ-A fésælan-fésælan)) (RD verða-verða) (MD mundu-munu)) (. ;-;)) (ID PILTUR,.114))
A note on SEGJAST
Since SEGJA is a non inherent ECM verb, SEGJAST is *not* treated as introducing an IP-INF with an arbitrary subject.
KVEÐA
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ (NPR-N Sturla-sturla)) (VBDI kvað-kveða) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (PRO-A hann-hann)) (NP-OB1 (PRO-A það-það)) (NEG eigi-ekki) (MD mundu-munu) (VB vita-vita)) (. .-.)))
A note on KVEÐAST
Since KVEÐA is a non inherent ECM verb, KVEÐAST is *not* treated as introducing an IP-INF with an arbitrary subject. Thus, it is parsed like this:
( (IP-MAT (NP-SBJ *con*) (VBPI kveðst-kveða) (IP-INF (HV hafa-hafa) (NP-OB1 (N-A bréf-bréf) (NP-POS (N-G biskups-biskup))))) (ID 12XX.STURLUNGA.NAR-SAG,444.1984))
HALDA
(IP-IMP-SPE (PP-LFD (P Ef-ef) (CP-ADV-SPE (C 0) (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO-N þér-þú)) (VBPI haldið-halda) (IP-INF-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO-A mig-ég)) (VAN-A trúaða-trúaður) (BE vera-vera) (PP (P í-í) (NP (NPR-D Drottni-drottinn))))))) (, ,-,) (ADVP-RSP (ADV þá-þá)) (VBI gangið-ganga) (PP (RP inn-inn) (P í-í) (NP (NP-POS (PRO-A mitt-minn)) (N-A hús-hús))))
ÆTLA
(PP (P þótt-þótt) (CP-ADV-SPE (C 0) (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO-N ég-ég)) (VBPI ætla-ætla) (IP-INF (NP-SBJ (PRO-A það-það)) (ADVP (ADVR síður-síður)) (BE vera-vera) (MD munu-munu))))) (. .-.))