Clause level constituents
Contents
Adjective phrase (ADJP)
ADJP
Adjectives only project a bare ADJP at the clausal level with a copular verb, VERA 'be', VERÐA, 'become'
- Hann er (ADJP rauður).
- Hún varð (ADJP leiðinleg).
ADJP-SPR
Secondary predicate adjective.
- Hann fæddist svo (ADJP-SPR blindur).
( (IP-SUB-SPE (NP-SBJ (PRO-N hann-hann)) (VBDI fæddist-fæða) (ADVP (ADV svo-svo)) (ADJP-SPR (ADJ-N blindur-blindur)))
Adverb phrase (ADVP)
Noun phrase (NP)
NP-SBJ
Most nominative NPs are NP-SBJ, except some direct objects (NP-OB1) of dative subject verbs.
Oblique subjects
All oblique NPs that are subjects in Modern Icelandic are annotated as subjects regardless of when the text is written even if this may or may not be the right analysis for all centuries.
Dative subject verbs
- (NP-SBJ Mér) finnst rigningin góð.
- (NP-SBJ Mér) líkar rigningin.
- (NP-SBJ Mér) líkar rigninguna.
Dative experiencer subjects with copular verbs
- (NP-SBJ Mér) er kalt
- (NP-SBJ Mér) er sama
- (NP-SBJ Mér) verður
Ambiguous DAT-NOM constructions
In DAT-NOM constructions where it is ambiguous whether the DAT NP or the NOM NP is the subject, the DAT NP is tagged as subject. Those who want to use IcePaHC to study oblique subjects have to study the relevant examples.
- (NP-SBJ Mér) þóknaðist tilboðið.
Dative subject + Small clause
- (NP-SBJ Þér) er (IP-SMC heimil ólin)
- (NP-SBJ Antoni) er (IP-SMC setningin erfið)
- (NP-SBJ Þér) er (IP-SMC hart að bakspyrna í mót broddunum)
( (IP-MAT (ADJP-1 (ADJ-N Hart-harður)) (BEPI er-vera) (NP-SBJ (PRO-D þér-þú)) (IP-SMC (IP-INF-SBJ (TO að-að) (VB bakspyrna-bakspyrna) (PP (P í-í) (NP (N-A mót-mót) (NP-COM (NS-D broddu$-broddur) (D-D $num-hinn))))) (ADJP *ICH*-1)) (. .-.)))
NP-OB1
Direct object. Includes all genitive objects.
NP-OB2
Indirect object.
NP-VOC
- "(NP-VOC Einar), hvar eru paprikurnar?"
- "No way, (NP-VOC Lord)"
NP-MSR
NP-TMP
Accusative NPs representing time:
- Hún gaf honum kött (NP-TMP þennan vetur).
NP-ADT
For instrumental NPs. See also PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
- Hún hjó drekann (NP-ADT sverði).
- Hún stakk hann (NP-ADT hnífi).
NP-SPR
Secondary predicate NP. See PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
- Hún stóð (NP-SPR vörð).
- Þau kusu grínistann (NP-SPR borgarstjóra).
Prepositional phrase (PP)
PP - See also PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
Quantifier phrase (QP)
QPs do generally not occur at the clausal level, see: PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
Verb phrase (VP)
Generally, the annotation scheme does not include a VP. See PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
Words as clausal constituents
See also PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
- ADV Adverbs
- RP - Adverbial particles
- Q - Floated quantifiers
- NEG - Negation
- Verbs and modals
- Participles
Extended tags (= dash tags)
See also PPCME/PPCEME guidelines
-LFD: -RSP Left dislocation and resumptive elements
-PRN: Appositive or parenthetical
- IP-MAT-PRN: Parenthetical matrix clause. Included in an IP that starts before the IP-MAT-PRN and keeps on going after the IP-MAT-PRN.
-SPE: Direct speech
For all CPs and IPs that are part of a direct speech.