Head Types
Note on Case: applying to Determiners, Adjectives, Nominals: we have adopted, across the board, a policy of tagging Case on the word-level, but not on the phrase level (grammatical relations are tagged on the phrase level). So if you are searching for Subject, Object, etc., search for the phrase labels, but if you search for Case, you'll have to indicate the appropriate word-level tag.
Participles, VAN and VBN, are tagged for non-nominative cases only, in cases where a passive participle is unambiguously case marked. By default, VAN or VBN is just tagged "VAN" or "VBN", and it is assumed to be in the nominative form when tagged just "VAN" or "VBN".
Contents |
Nouns
- N-N - noun, nominative
- NS-A - noun, plural, accusative
- NPR-D - noun, proper, dative
- NPRS-G - non, proper, plural, genitive
ONE form of EINN ONES plural of EINN
Determiners
- D-N - determiner, nominiative
- WD-A - WH-determiner, accusative
In cases where the form of a word is completely ambiguous between a demonstrative determiner and a pronoun, the default tag is PRO, as you can see under PRO below.
Pronouns
- PRO-D - pronoun, dative
- WPRO-G - wh-pronoun, genitive
Note that sometimes personal pronouns and demonstrative determiners are homophonous in Icelandic. In cases of unresolvable ambiguity, the default tag is PRO (click on PRO for an example).
Adjectives
- ADJ-N - adjective (positive), nominative
- ADJR-A - correlative, accusative
- ADJS-D - superlative, dative
- WADJ-G - wh-adjective, genitive
- SUCH-N
Quantifiers
- Q-N - quantifier (positive), nominative: fáir 'few'
- QR-A - correlative, accusative: færri 'fewer'
- QS-D - superlative, dative: fæstum 'fewest'
- WQ - wh-quantifier, hver as a WQ receives case but not hvort 'whether'
Adverbs
- ADV - adverb
- WADV - wh-adverb, like hvar 'where'
Prepositions
- P - the only head type for prepositions
Particles
- RP Adverbial Particles
- RPX Used in cases where the object of a preposition is omitted, accord to the guidelines of the York Corpus of Old English Prose (YCOE). See also Empty categories.
- FP Focus Particles; note that FP can appear as a clause-level constituent if it modifies a verb.
Verbs
| verb | present, indicative | present, subjunctive | past, indicative | past, subjunctive | imperative | pres. participle | past part. | passive part. |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| vera ('be') | BEPI | BEPS | BEDI | BEDS | BEI | BAG | BEN | BAN |
| gera ('do') | DOPI | DOPS | DODI | DODS | DOI | DAG | DON | DAN |
| hava ('have') | HVPI | HVPS | HVDI | HVDS | HVI | HAG | HVN | HAN |
| modal | MDPI | MDPS | MDDI | MDDS | MDI | MAG | MDN | MAN |
| verða ('become') | RDPI | RDPS | RDDI | RDDS | RDI | RAG | RDN | RAN |
| main | VBPI | VBPS | VBDI | VBDS | VBI | VAG | VBN | VAN |
- VBP - verb, present tense
- VBD - verb, past tense
- VBN - past participle. See the Note at the beginning of this page with regard to case-marking on VBN; case-marking on VBN should only occur inside of participial clause complements.
- VAN - passive participle; NOTE: the main verb in impersonal passives is "VAN", though this can be difficult to distinguish from the past participle for some verbs, e.g. KOMA. If it is completely ambiguous, VAN is the default. See VAN or VBN?. See the Note at the beginning of this page with regard to case-marking on VAN.
VAG progressive participle. This can also mean the passive progressive in older texts: see Quirky Case for an example.
- MD (modals) unlike the Penn English corpora, "MD" is a modal in the infinitive; finite modals are "MDPI","MDDI", etc.; nonfinite modals are "MDN","MAG". All auxiliaries with modal meaning which take a bare VB complement are tagged MD*. Additionally, the verbs GETA and FÁ are tagged MD* when they mean "to be able to" and take a complement headed by a VBN (i.e. "ég get þáttað vel"); also, on the rare occasion that KUNNA takes VBN it is tagged MD. When a verb take an AÐ-marked infinitive, it is not tagged MD*. Past infinitives of modals, which only occur with preterite-present verbs, are just tagged MD like normal infinitives. There is no "MDD" tag.
- HV only "hafa"; "eiga" is tagged VB... like other main verbs
- RD is the tag for VERÐA, in all of its uses. See Treatment of individual words.
Other
- LS (list marker)
